While there was a great deal of early native settlements with developed cultures that we can ascertain from archaeological discoveries, by the time of the first Europeans the area was sparsely settled and the area seemed to be primarily preserved as a battleground between the Iroquois, Shawnee, and Cherokee, all who utilized the area’s resources, without really attempting to settle into the area.
I really like your reporting on the Mining "Wars" They weren't wars so much as massacres of underpaid, impoverished by the mine owners (Which is how Joe Manchin made his money - coal and oil) You final paragraph is great advice and the major reasoning for banning text books and restricting education - we certainly don't want our little darlings to know how vicious these descendants of wealthy mine and plantation owners really were and certainly not how recent is heir abuse.
I'm not sure, and might be wrong, if Manchin directly owns mines, nevertheless, your point is well made because he certainly made his money from the ownership of the mines by those who actually do.
they were, by the way using more African slaves in South Carolina and I would have to check dates on Georgia. It was founded as a free colony, but I believe that was post 1700, I can check for sure but I can check. Of the top I think it was in the mid 1700's before Georgia had any slaves. In South Carolina white indentured servants had no immunities to malaria and were dropping like flies in the fields. I've never found what percentage of the total population of black slaves were in South Carolina at the time (1700) but I know many at the time were in Pa. and quite a few in Mass. The first state to ban the use of slaves (and I don't believe there were many there was Vermont-1777. Of course in New England they were more servants to merchants, farmers were generally single family farms with little ability to pay for slaves or indentured.
Not knowing a great deal about Australia, my understanding is you are correct. I don't know any numerical comparisons to any degree of certainty, but my understanding is that the percentage of the non-indentured to indentured in Australia was even wider in Australia and it was almost exclusively non-indentured and very few "landlords".. So few from my understanding that a strong military presence was necessary.
I also don't know a great deal about Canada, and it brings up a question, since you are from Canada, about indentured in Canada. In the time we are speaking of, or even later, was there much use of indentured, or African slaves.? My understanding is it the prime English settlements in the 1600's was along the coastal maritime provinces (&Newfoundland) but I am unaware if there were any indentured. They were used in the New England whaling industry, somewhat later, and often court-ordered indentured servitude on Native-Americans picked up for "indigency" after their societies had pretty well been obliterated. This began in the 1780's through the first half of the nineteenth century when whaling was at its height. Most people don't realize the extent the Native impressment enabled the survival of the whaling industry in New England. Do you know anything about Canadian use of indentured?
In the years that I was a Canadian, 1933 to 1958. there were no indentured servants and Canada never had slaves. There were very few persons of African ancestry. In the suburb of Toronto where I lived there was one family of African heritage. In The early 1950's Toronto was a jazz center. I had a friend, Cal Jackson who led a quartet band, piano, xylophone, drums and saxophone. I remember a remark Cal once made, his happiest day in Toronto was when he was turned down for an apartment because of his dog, a German Shepherd. He got the apartment anyway by paying the owner a thousand dollars and assuring him the dog would be on a leash when taken outside. Thelonious Monk played there and Errol Garner. That was about it for persons of color. Canadians still found reasons for prejudice, the European refugees from WW2, Irish, Italians and Poles. Oh, and Indigenous people. It seems to me that wherever you have more than 10 Homo sapiens together they will find other Homo sapiens to despise. I'm so glad I avoided that, I've never had 10 friends at the same time.
You're a bit off on your centuries, Ken. The first documented arrival of African slaves was early 17th Century; 1619 to be exact when 20 to 30 African slaves were brought to Virginia. By 1776 (18th Century) there were about 200,000 African slaves working in mostly southern colonies. Canals were being built in the early 19th century, 1820's. Indentured servants first arrived 12 years prior to the African slaves. Indentured workers continued to be used until outlawed in 1917. (20th century.
you are correct on the date of first slave imported.
However I am referring to colonial population a century prior to 1776.
slaves 27,806
indentured 195,000
free population 37,000
Those are the estimated populations of Non-Natives in 1676 when Bacon's rebellion occurred. That shifted the labor focus on southern plantations from mostly indentured whites to mostly African slaves. Also cotton was not yet THE major crop of the Colonies until after the revolution when the cotton gin came into use.
I really like your reporting on the Mining "Wars" They weren't wars so much as massacres of underpaid, impoverished by the mine owners (Which is how Joe Manchin made his money - coal and oil) You final paragraph is great advice and the major reasoning for banning text books and restricting education - we certainly don't want our little darlings to know how vicious these descendants of wealthy mine and plantation owners really were and certainly not how recent is heir abuse.
I'm not sure, and might be wrong, if Manchin directly owns mines, nevertheless, your point is well made because he certainly made his money from the ownership of the mines by those who actually do.
Thanks, Ken
they were, by the way using more African slaves in South Carolina and I would have to check dates on Georgia. It was founded as a free colony, but I believe that was post 1700, I can check for sure but I can check. Of the top I think it was in the mid 1700's before Georgia had any slaves. In South Carolina white indentured servants had no immunities to malaria and were dropping like flies in the fields. I've never found what percentage of the total population of black slaves were in South Carolina at the time (1700) but I know many at the time were in Pa. and quite a few in Mass. The first state to ban the use of slaves (and I don't believe there were many there was Vermont-1777. Of course in New England they were more servants to merchants, farmers were generally single family farms with little ability to pay for slaves or indentured.
True, although I think indenture servants were widely used in all States, not to the extent they were in Australia.
Not knowing a great deal about Australia, my understanding is you are correct. I don't know any numerical comparisons to any degree of certainty, but my understanding is that the percentage of the non-indentured to indentured in Australia was even wider in Australia and it was almost exclusively non-indentured and very few "landlords".. So few from my understanding that a strong military presence was necessary.
I also don't know a great deal about Canada, and it brings up a question, since you are from Canada, about indentured in Canada. In the time we are speaking of, or even later, was there much use of indentured, or African slaves.? My understanding is it the prime English settlements in the 1600's was along the coastal maritime provinces (&Newfoundland) but I am unaware if there were any indentured. They were used in the New England whaling industry, somewhat later, and often court-ordered indentured servitude on Native-Americans picked up for "indigency" after their societies had pretty well been obliterated. This began in the 1780's through the first half of the nineteenth century when whaling was at its height. Most people don't realize the extent the Native impressment enabled the survival of the whaling industry in New England. Do you know anything about Canadian use of indentured?
In the years that I was a Canadian, 1933 to 1958. there were no indentured servants and Canada never had slaves. There were very few persons of African ancestry. In the suburb of Toronto where I lived there was one family of African heritage. In The early 1950's Toronto was a jazz center. I had a friend, Cal Jackson who led a quartet band, piano, xylophone, drums and saxophone. I remember a remark Cal once made, his happiest day in Toronto was when he was turned down for an apartment because of his dog, a German Shepherd. He got the apartment anyway by paying the owner a thousand dollars and assuring him the dog would be on a leash when taken outside. Thelonious Monk played there and Errol Garner. That was about it for persons of color. Canadians still found reasons for prejudice, the European refugees from WW2, Irish, Italians and Poles. Oh, and Indigenous people. It seems to me that wherever you have more than 10 Homo sapiens together they will find other Homo sapiens to despise. I'm so glad I avoided that, I've never had 10 friends at the same time.
You're a bit off on your centuries, Ken. The first documented arrival of African slaves was early 17th Century; 1619 to be exact when 20 to 30 African slaves were brought to Virginia. By 1776 (18th Century) there were about 200,000 African slaves working in mostly southern colonies. Canals were being built in the early 19th century, 1820's. Indentured servants first arrived 12 years prior to the African slaves. Indentured workers continued to be used until outlawed in 1917. (20th century.
you are correct on the date of first slave imported.
However I am referring to colonial population a century prior to 1776.
slaves 27,806
indentured 195,000
free population 37,000
Those are the estimated populations of Non-Natives in 1676 when Bacon's rebellion occurred. That shifted the labor focus on southern plantations from mostly indentured whites to mostly African slaves. Also cotton was not yet THE major crop of the Colonies until after the revolution when the cotton gin came into use.